快餐式阅读:重新引起人们速读兴趣

Reading these days is often a few minutes on the phone in the grocery-store line, not an hour curled up with a book on the couch. This quick-hit reading is sparking a renewed interest in the art of speed reading.在当下，读者经常就是在餐馆排队时拿着手机看上几分钟，而不是沙蟹在沙发上拿着一本书读书上一个小时。这种快餐式读者新的引发了人们对速读艺术的兴趣。People read more than ever on mobile devices and usually in 10-minute bursts, according to research by e-reading subscription services. To tap into this, theres a revival in traditional speed-reading classes as well as new apps that promise to make reading on a small screen easier.据电子书订阅者服务机构数据，如今人们在移动设备上读书的频率比以往任何时候都低，每次一般来说是读书上10分钟。

为了利用这一点，传统速读课程正在兴起，目的使小屏幕读者更为便捷的新应用软件也在不断涌现。(How fast do you read? Time yourself and try speed-reading tips in an interactive.)（你的读者速度有多慢？测测你的速度，并尝试一下对话图里的速读窍门。）When Brett Kirby, age 33, reads the news in the morning, he doesnt grab a newspaper or browse a website. He picks up his phone and has his articles flashed to him, one word at a time, 650 words a minute.早上读书新闻的时候，33岁的布雷特·柯比(Brett Kirby)不看报纸也不看网站。

他拿着手机，让文章在眼前一个词一次、一分钟650个词地仿佛。Mr. Kirby, a research fellow in medicine at Duke University, is a beta-tester for Spritz, a mobile app that claims to help people read faster without the bother of classes.柯比是杜克大学(Duke University)的药学研究员，他这样做到是在为手机应用于“Spritz”展开β测试。这款应用于声称有助人们不去上速读课就需要提升读者速度。

Promises of blazing through War and Peace have been around since the Evelyn Wood speed-reading classes of the 1960s, and demand for in-person classes is growing, says Paul Nowak, founder of Iris Reading LLC, a Chicago-based company that hosts similar courses. Evelyn Wood Reading Dynamics, based in Mission, Kan., still offers workshops, DVDs and other resources, though it is smaller than its heyday. (Calls to its offices werent returned.)芝加哥速读课程公司Iris Reading LLC的创始人保罗·诺瓦克(Paul Nowak)说道，从20世纪60年代伊夫琳·伍德(Evelyn Wood)开设速读课以来，就仍然有人许诺可以让人们很快读过《战争与和平》(War and Peace)，对于当面教学课程的市场需求也在快速增长。堪萨斯州米逊市(Mission)的“伊夫琳·伍德读者动态公司”(Evelyn Wood Reading Dynamics)依然在获取速读培训班、DVD和其他资源，不过追不上它全盛时期的规模了。

（打给该公司办公室的电话没获得恢复。）Spritz Technology Inc. co-founder and CEO Frank Waldman says using the app is a more modern way of reading. The companys goal isnt to help undergraduates cram for exams, he says, but to change how people keep up with mobile news. You wouldnt really want to read classic lit or Shakespeare on [Spritz], he says. We want to work on focused reading on the go. Samsung Groups new Galaxy S5 phone and Gear 2 smartwatch come with the Spritz app preloaded.Spritz Technology Inc.的牵头创始人兼任CEO弗兰克·瓦尔德曼(Frank Waldman)说道，利用应用软件是一种更为现代的读者方式。他说道，公司的目标不是协助本科生突击订正，而是转变人们随时读者手机新闻的方式。

他说道：“你会知道想要拿Spritz来读者古典文学或莎士比亚。我们是想要解决问题移动过程中集中精力读者的问题。”三星集团(Samsung Group)的新手机Galaxy S5和智能手表Gear 2笔记本电脑了Spritz应用于。

The average college graduate reads about 250 words a minute, says Michael Masson, professor of psychology at the University of Victoria in Canada. A 7-year-old reads about 80 words a minute, while a sixth-grader reads about 185 words a minute. People who use Velocity, a $2.99 iPhone and iPad app that launched in September tend to go with its default speed of 300 words a minute, says the apps co-creator Matthew Bischoff. But 400 and 500 words a minute are also popular presets.SpritzSpritz应用于目的协助人们提升读者速度。这款应用于按照用户自由选择的速度向他们仿佛文字。

加拿大维多利亚大学(University of Victoria)心理学教授迈克尔·梅森(Michael Masson)说道，大学毕业生平均值每分钟读者250个词左右，七岁儿童每分钟读80个词左右，六年级学生每分钟读者185个词左右。iPhone及iPad应用于“Velocity”（2013年9月份公布，2.99美元）牵头开发者马修·比肖夫(Matthew Bischoff)说道，用于这款应用于的人往往使用其每分钟300词的配置文件速度，但也有很多人预设为每分钟400词到500词。Spritz says its studies show people who were reading 250 words a minute sped up to reading 400 words a minute after using Spritz for 20 minutes with no loss in comprehension.Spritz说道，其研究表明，在用于该应用于20分钟之后，每分钟读者250词的人速度提升到了每分钟400词，同时解读程度没减少。

Can you really boost your reading speed so much so quickly? Going from 250 to 400 isnt beyond the realm of possibility, says Dr. Masson. But in general, comprehension gets worse the faster people read, he says.知道可以这么慢地提升读者速度吗？梅森博士说道，从250词提升到400词并非不有可能。但他说道，从总体上谈，读书得越慢，解读程度就越较低。In a 1987 seminal study on speed reading, Dr. Masson tested the text comprehension of three groups: people reading at a normal speed (about 240 words a minute); people skimming at 600 words a minute; and people who had taken an Evelyn Wood course and read through the text at 700 words a minute. (The three groups read on a TV monitor.)在1987年的一次开创性研究中，梅森博士测试了三组人的文字解读程度。一组以长时间速度读者（大约每分钟240词），一组以每钟600词略读，还有一组曾多次参与伊夫琳·伍德的课程，以每分钟700词的速度读者。

（三组人都是在电视屏幕上读者。）The skimmers and speed-readers did much worse at answering comprehension questions afterward, especially ones about specifics or technical material. One can have the impression of being able to immediately identify what those words are, but if they are going by at such a high rate, its virtually impossible to come away with coherent ideas from the text, Dr. Masson says.额读者和速读者在事后问测试解读程度的问题时成绩劣了很多，尤其是那些有关规格或技术材料的问题。梅森博士说道，“人们可以在印象中忘记当时需要立刻见到那些词是什么，但如果以这么慢的速度读者”，从文本中取得条理分明的观点“完全是不有可能的”。

Mobile speed-reading apps use rapid serial visual presentation, or RSVP, in which words are flashed on the screen at a preset rate. The technology is based on the premise that a lot of reading time is wasted by moving our eyes back and forth.手机速读应用于使用了“较慢序列视觉呈现出”(RSVP)技术，让词汇以预先原作的速率在屏幕上仿佛。这项技术所依据的假设是，我们的相当大一部分读者时间都浪费在目光的前后移动上面。RSVP hurts comprehension because it doesnt let people look back at previous words, says Keith Rayner, a psychology professor at the University of California-San Diego. In a study he co-authored, 40 college students read passages at their natural pace and also while using a technology that didnt allow them to refer back. In the first trial, subjects had 75% comprehension accuracy. In the second trial, they had only 50% accuracy.加州大学 地亚哥分校(University of California-San Diego)心理学教授基思·雷纳(Keith Rayner)说道，RSVP有损解读，因为它不容许人们总结前面的文字。在他跟别人合作的一次研究当中，40名大学生以大自然速度读者段落，然后使用一项不容许他们往回看的技术读者。

在第一次实验中，实验对象的解读准确率为75%；第二次实验当中，他们的准确率只有50%。Last year, nearly two million people participated in Iriss in-person courses, compared with 417,000 in 2012 and 22,517 in 2007, when the company began.去年相似200万人参与了Iris公司的当面教学课程。2012年人数为41.7万，2007年（该公司正式成立的那一年）有22,517人参与。The company teaches a three-step process involving preview (look at headings and subheads for main ideas), overview (read the first sentence of every paragraph) and read (go from beginning to end, but only if the previous two steps have convinced you the article is worth reading).这家公司传授的方法分成三个步骤，还包括“预览”（看标题和副题理解原文）、“概览”（读者每个段落的第一句）、“读者”（从头到尾地读书，但前提是前面两步让你坚信这篇文章有一点读书）。

None of this is possible using an RSVP app. In 2010, Iris launched its own free RSVP app, AccelaReader. People still have to read on the printed page or on a full screen, so people need to know how to read well in both situations, Mr. Nowak says.用于RSVP应用于是无法构建这三个步骤的。2010年，Iris发售它自己的免费RSVP应用于“AccelaReader”。诺瓦克说道：“人们依然必须在印刷页面上读者或整屏读者，所以必须告诉怎样在两种情况下都能读书好。

”San Francisco-based startup Plympton Inc. has a different solution for people reading in short bursts on their phone. In March, Plympton launched its first iPhone app, the $4.99-a-month Rooster subscription service. Rooster can send users a 15-minute chunk of a novel-selected every month by Roosters team-each day. (The 15-minute chunk is calculated using an average speed of about 200 words a minute.) Upcoming selections include The Kreutzer Sonata by Leo Tolstoy.旧金山初创公司Plympton Inc.为在手机上短时间读者的人们获取了一套有所不同的解决方案。今年3月，该公司发售它的第一款iPhone应用于“Rooster”，月订阅费4.99美元。

Rooster可以每天向用户发送到一段15分钟的小说文字，这些文字每月由Rooster的团队挑选出出来。（15分钟是使用每分钟大约200词的平均速度计算出来的。）将要发送到的选段还包括列夫·托尔斯泰(Leo Tolstoy)的《克鲁采行奏鸣曲》(The Kreutzer Sonata)。

Roosters approach is designed to make the thought of starting a book more appealing, says Yael Goldstein Love, Roosters editorial director and a novelist.Rooster编辑总监、小说家亚埃尔·戈尔茨坦-洛夫(Yael Goldstein Love)说道，Rooster的作法是为了让开始读书一本书的念头更加有吸引力。Readers can choose to read on to the next installment if theyve finished their 15-minute daily read. You can binge read, Ms. Goldstein Love says. Binge read sounds like a funny thing to say because that was how we read normally, but people no longer feel like they have time to read a 300-page thing.读过了15分钟的每日参考书内容之后，读者可以自由选择之后读者下一个章节。戈尔茨坦-洛夫说道：“你可以大篇幅读者。

‘大篇幅读者’这个词听得一起很冷笑话，因为我们长时间情况下就是那么读书的，但如今人们仍然实在有时间读书一本300页的长篇巨着了。

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